Preventing Farm Fires: How to Safely Store Flammable Liquids

Flammable liquids are a common presence on farms including fuels like gasoline and diesel, solvents, paints, and lubricants. While essential for daily operations, these liquids also introduce one of the most serious fire hazards in agriculture. A single spark from equipment, a malfunctioning heater, poor ventilation, or even static electricity can ignite vapors and lead to catastrophic losses. For farms with machinery sheds, repair shops, or fueling areas, the risk is magnified if these materials are stored too close to tractors, combines, welders, or other ignition sources.

Safe storage of flammable liquids isn’t just about compliance with codes like NFPA 30; it’s about protecting people, property, and the livelihood of your operation. By following proper container, storage, and handling guidelines, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of a fire spreading through valuable equipment, structures, or crops.

Know What You’re Storing

The first step toward safe handling is knowing whether a liquid is flammable or combustible.

• Flammable liquids have a flash point below 100°F, meaning they can produce ignitable vapors at relatively low temperatures. Gasoline, acetone, and lacquer thinner are common examples.

• Combustible liquids have higher flash points but can still ignite under certain conditions, such as diesel fuel, kerosene, and motor oil.

  
  

Each type requires different storage and handling practices under NFPA 30 standards. Always match the container type and storage location to the liquid’s classification.

Use Approved Containers & Cabinets

Smaller, portable quantities, typically five gallons or less, should be stored in UL or FM approved safety cans. These containers are equipped with spring-closing lids, flame arresters, and pressure relief systems to prevent vapors from igniting.

When storing larger amounts, approved flammable liquid storage cabinets help contain vapors and provide a fire-resistant barrier. NFPA 30 and OSHA limit each cabinet to 60 gallons of flammable liquids or 120 gallons of combustibles. On farms, it’s common to see fuel cans stored alongside other tools in a workshop, but these should be kept in their own cabinet, away from grinders, welders, or running engines.

If you need to keep more than 60 gallons inside a building, install a dedicated flammable liquid storage room that meets NFPA 30 requirements. These rooms must have fire-rated construction, self-closing fire doors, explosion venting, and specialized ventilation.

Label Containers Clearly

OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires all flammable and combustible liquids to be labeled with their contents, hazard classification, and handling instructions. Clear labels reduce the risk of dangerous mistakes, especially in busy workshops where containers may be stored side by side.

Choose a Safe Storage Location

Where flammable liquids are stored can determine how quickly a small spill becomes a major incident.

• Keep them away from tractors, heaters, welding equipment, and other ignition sources.

• If indoors, use a designated space for hazardous materials, away from high-traffic areas and combustible materials like hay or grain dust.

• Outdoor storage should be set back from buildings and clearly marked with hazard signage.

  
  

A compliant storage location is more than just shelves and containers. NFPA and OSHA recommend:

• Ventilation: Natural airflow or mechanical systems that remove vapors from low areas and replace air at least six times per hour in enclosed spaces.

• Fire Protection: Class B fire extinguishers sized and rated for the liquids present, kept in accessible locations and regularly inspected.

• Electrical Safety: All wiring and fixtures must meet NFPA 70 standards for hazardous locations, using explosion-proof lighting and equipment.

  
  

Cylinder Storage Safety

Certain cylinders require special handling and placement.

• Separate oxygen and fuel gas cylinders by at least 20 feet, or use a noncombustible barrier at least five feet high with a 30-minute fire rating.

• Store fuel cylinders upright, secured with a chain or in a rack, with valves closed and protective caps in place.

• LP gas cylinders should be stored outdoors in a locked rack or cage, upright and protected from vehicle traffic.

Bulk Fuel Storage

Above-ground tanks must comply with NFPA 30 and state regulations.

• Use containment systems capable of holding the full tank capacity.

• Maintain a 25-foot clear zone around tanks, free from weeds and combustible materials.

• Add protective barriers such as bollards or fencing to prevent impact damage.

• Post hazard signage and emergency shut-off instructions in a visible location.

NFPA Diagram on Grounding & Bonding

Control Vapors & Prevent Static

When transferring flammable liquids, always ground and bond containers to avoid static sparks. Bonding wires or clamps between the dispensing nozzle and the receiving container prevent a static discharge from igniting vapors.

Never Fuel Equipment Indoors

Refueling should only be done outside, far from buildings, combustible storage, and ignition sources. Always allow engines to cool before adding fuel.

Dispose of Waste Properly

Photo Source

Waste rags soaked with flammable liquids can ignite on their own. Store them in covered metal containers and dispose of them daily. Empty or damaged containers should be removed promptly, as they may still contain vapors that can ignite.

Regularly Check & Establish Good Habits

Safe storage is not “set it and forget it.” Inspect containers for rust, dents, or leaks. Make sure labels are legible – faded or missing labels can lead to dangerous mistakes. Keep lids tightly closed, and don’t let empty containers pile up.

Finally, make safety part of the farm routine. The same way you check oil and hydraulics before running a tractor, take a quick look at your fuel storage and shop area before the day starts. A few minutes of prevention can mean the difference between a normal workday and a devastating fire.

Download ARU's printable Flammable Liquids Checklist for best practices to keep people, equipment, and property safe.

Flammable Liquids Checklist

Bottom Line

Flammable liquids will always be part of farming, but where and how you store them determines whether they remain a tool or become a threat. Keep them in approved containers, store them in safe locations away from ignition sources, and treat them with the respect they demand. In doing so, you’re not just protecting your property, you’re safeguarding your livelihood.

Sources

• NFPA 30 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. National Fire Protection Association’s official standard for safe storage, handling, and use of flammable liquids.

• OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration rules for labeling and communicating hazards.

• OSHA Labeling Requirements – Appendix C to 1910.1200. Details on required label elements such as pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements

• OSHA Flammable Liquids Storage Requirements (29 CFR 1926.152). Storage limits, cabinet specifications, and safety measures for flammable liquids.

• NFPA 30 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) Guidance. Explains allowable storage limits for different classes of flammable and combustible liquids.